La hora de los mameyes - The time of the mameyes The mamey colorao , a type of sapote, is a wild fruit typical of the tropics and very popular with Cubans. Its red and juicy pulp is ideal for juices and smoothies. It is also eaten fresh, as a dessert, in syrup confectionery or preserved. The tree, the sapote, is an attractive ornamental species, producing a beautiful and hard wood. Infusions of its seeds, when crushed, serve as insecticides to eliminate ticks in animals and humans, as well as other infections of the scalp. The expression "la hora de los mameyes" originated in 1762, when Havana was taken by the English. It evokes a decisive or critical moment. According to the story, the militias, led by the Creole Pepe Antonio, defended the city with exemplary courage. This gave rise to the popular expression "hacer las cosas de a Pepe", which means to act with intransigence. The English soldiers, dressed in a black and red-brown uniform similar to the colors of the mamey fruit, were nicknamed "mameyes" by the Cubans. At nine o'clock in the evening, when the cannon sounded, marking the closing of the walls and a kind of curfew, this moment was then called "the time of the mameyes". Traditionally, this closure was commemorated by firing a salvo from a cannon from the fortress of San Carlos de la Cabaña, whose shot could be heard throughout the city. It is an unmissable event in Havana. Today, the expression is still used to designate a decisive moment in difficult situations. In these times of monetary reform in Cuba, we can therefore affirm that "the hour of the Mameyes" has arrived.

The name "Cuba" probably comes from the indigenous Taíno language, from "Cubao", which means "Where fertile lands abound". It could also derive from a contraction of two Araucan words: "coa" (place) and "bana" (large), thus giving "coabana", translated as "great land". Christopher Columbus recorded his arrival in a place that the natives called "coabana", "cubao" or "cibao". These terms evoke the mountains of the eastern region, known for their great fertility.

The Cuban Educational System The educational model in Cuba is recognized for its universal quality, integrating the participation of the educational community. With 13 to 15% of its budget dedicated to education, the Cuban State strives to eradicate illiteracy and promote an inclusive, secular and scientific education. Although access to education is free and compulsory up to high school, the recent economic crisis has brought challenges, including the exodus of teachers to other sectors. Despite this, many passionate professionals continue to work with determination. Recognition and support for teachers is crucial for the future of the country. Importance of Education in Cuba Education remains essential to the cultural and social development of the country. Teachers, although often underestimated, play a fundamental role. The rise of private lessons, offered by retired teachers, underlines the importance of education in Cuban society. To celebrate the importance of education, let us congratulate all teachers on their national day on December 22.

Christmas in Cuba Christmas is not very “celebrated” in Varadero as in the rest of Cuba. However, hotels put up decorations and offer more elaborate meals, with entertainment, to celebrate the holiday. Many travelers in hotels take the opportunity to take photos on the beach and it's sometimes very funny! Cuba is a communist-ruled country. For decades, its government has rejected capitalism and commercialization, of which Christmas is the most ostentatious product. Except in tourist resorts like Varadero or Cayo Coco, Christmas involves no gift-giving, no gala dinners, no Christmas commercials and jingles in the throat or eardrums, no turkey, hats or crackers. Instead, Christmas passed like any other, as thousands of tourists – Christmas stampedes or otherwise – choose to visit Cuba, where political history manifests itself on almost every street corner, through some form of artistic propaganda. Christmas in Cuba was effectively banned by the Castro regime in 1969, as Fidel believed it interfered with the production of sugar cane – Cuba’s largest export. This ban was finally lifted in 1998, following a visit from Pope John Paul II who encouraged Fidel to soften his stance. Since then, Cuban families have been allowed to celebrate Christmas at home, but it remains a rare sight. 29 years without Christmas is a long time; enough time for an entire generation to grow up without knowing or valuing the tradition. So naturally, when it is reinstated, no one really cares about it anymore. On Christmas Day, children go to school and shops, restaurants and markets remain open for business. You might catch a glimpse of Christmas as we know it, through the open doors of a grand hotel or in a casa with American connections, but beyond that there are no obvious signs.” Source: http://cheekyjaunt.com/christmas-in-cuba-travellers/ New Year's Day December 31st is much more celebrated by Cubans. Conga 2018 in Varadero: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3T_0aLTe1Lk According to Wikipedia: “The conga appeared in the 18th century in Cuba, but it is of African (Bantu) origin. It is a percussion instrument in the shape of a drum with a membrane and which comes in different sizes, so that several are played at the same time. It has spread throughout Latin music. Originally called tumbadora in Cuba, the name conga comes from a rhythm of the Havana Carnival, very popular in the United States in the 1930s. The Americans will therefore rename the instrument with the name of this dance.” In the hotels, our members told us that there were gala dinners and special evenings.

Why do Cubans celebrate Christmas so little? Since the 1960s and 1970s, the celebration of Christmas has lost its importance in Cuba, considered a bourgeois tradition and in contradiction with the ideals of the Revolution. In the 1980s, only a few Catholic families celebrated Christmas in secret, for fear of reprisals. It was not until the historic visit of Pope John Paul II in 1998 that December 25 was reestablished as a feast day. Although the celebration has evolved, the spirit of family gathering and sharing endures. Today, although the celebration differs from its origins, Cubans gather for a symbolic meal, emphasizing love and peace. Children learn to understand the realities of Christmas in Cuba, without chimneys or sleighs, but with a strong community spirit. Merry Christmas to all!

Buena Vista Social Club in Varadero Experience the Buena Vista Social Club show in Varadero, a vibrant tribute to this legendary band whose members have passed away. Although you won't meet the original musicians, the experience is highly recommended by those who have lived it. Performances take place at the Plaza Americas, with packages available that include transportation and meals. For more on the group's history, see the Wikipedia article. “Will I see and hear the original band in Varadero?” Unfortunately, no. The show is a tribute to the famous group, several of whose musicians are now deceased. However, those who have attended the show highly recommend it! The performance takes place at the Plaza Americas. While it is possible to buy tickets on site, many tour operators offer packages that include transportation and a meal. It was also possible to pay extra to arrive in an old taxi and meet the band after the show (to be checked for 2024). The History of Buena Vista Social Club If you search for their songs on YouTube, you will probably find that you know several of them, without even knowing it!

Traveling with three children to Varadero: a challenge for accommodation! Whether you're traveling with three kids or a group of five, finding a suitable hotel isn't always easy. Fortunately, travel companies now offer tools to help you identify hotels that meet these needs. Air Transat : Large family vacations Sunwing : Vacations for large families Make sure the hotel is not an adults-only hotel, like the Iberostar Playa Alemada. It's always disappointing to fall for a hotel and then find out that it doesn't accommodate your young children. Accommodation options: connecting rooms, junior suites or bungalows Depending on your needs, all three options are possible. Personally, I recommend consulting a travel advisor to get feedback on the option that interests you. A professional can also help you evaluate the costs associated with each option, which can vary depending on the age of the travelers and the date of the stay. Remember that if you have young children, opt for a hotel with attractive water facilities. If you are traveling with teenagers or adults, choose a location close to the city center or more active entertainment. It is therefore crucial to clearly define your needs and expectations! Suggestions from our members: Sol Palmeras – 4 stars – Family bungalow: Sol Palmeras Mélia Varadero Peninsula – 4 stars – Family Junior Suite: Mélia Varadero Be Live Los Morlas – 4 stars – Family duplex: Be Live Los Morlas Comment by Monique Légaré: "The Be Live Las Morlas hotel offers family duplexes with two bedrooms and two bathrooms." Bella Vista – 4.5 stars – Premium Family Room: Bella Vista Mélia Marina Varadero – 4.5 stars: Mélia Marina Varadero Please note that this hotel is not always all-inclusive and some facilities at the main hotel are not accessible. Family Concierge by Paradisius – 5 stars – Several types of suites: Family Concierge

And the animation begins! ;-) Partners and friends of Passion Varadero who were present Antonio Montana - Passion Varadero Representative Amanda Cruz, one of our members from Varadero Yenny Perez Pino and Maykel Campes - tour guide and taxi driver Yassiel, our national Mr. Tremblay hi hi hi!

Here's how to search the Passion Varadero group. Before posting a question, make sure you have searched in the magnifying glass first, because many of the same questions come up regularly and have already been answered several times 😉 Here is the procedure in photo also 1- click on the 🔍 in the top right corner 2- enter the keywords in the search bar, for example: hotel sunbeach, money, restaurant, josone park, gifts, tip, etc. 3- start the search. 4- all posts that contain your keywords will be there, you can scroll through them and read the comments. If you still haven't found the answer to your questions, we will be happy to publish your questions because other people may need the answers too. You also have tabs at the top of the page: files, questions, photos, etc. which could perhaps be useful to you. Don't forget we also have a great website where you will find: https://www.passionvaradero.com/ Detailed information : The site offers comprehensive information about Varadero, including travel tips and activity recommendations. News and Updates : Visitors can find recent news regarding local events and travel conditions. Restaurant Guide : A list of the best restaurants and places to eat in Varadero, with reviews and tips. Travel Assistance : Offers help and advice for planning trips, including information on hotels and attractions And more 🤪 Happy researching and reading!

Another nice little town to discover near Varadero! Many of the staff members who work in the hotels in Varadero live there. Top 10 Best Restaurants in Cárdenas, Cuba Cárdenas, a charming town located near the popular resort of Varadero, is a culinary treasure. With a rich history and vibrant culture, this city offers a variety of gastronomic options that will delight every palate. Here are our picks for the top ten restaurants in Cárdenas, where you can enjoy delicious dishes while enjoying Cuban hospitality. 1. El Emperador Restaurant Located in the heart of Cárdenas, El Emperador is known for its fresh seafood and typical Cuban dishes. The restaurant offers a friendly atmosphere and generous portions, ideal for a family meal. 2. The Pasta House For pasta lovers, La Casa de la Pasta is a must-try. This restaurant offers a selection of homemade pasta dishes, made with local ingredients. Don’t miss their seafood lasagna! 3. Restaurant La 15 La 15 is a popular spot among locals and tourists alike. Their varied menu includes grilled meats, rice dishes, and Cuban specialties. The laid-back atmosphere makes it a perfect place to unwind after a day of exploring. 4. Cafeteria La Gran Muralla For a quick snack or breakfast, La Gran Muralla is a great option. This café offers sandwiches, pastries and refreshing drinks. The prices are affordable, making it a popular spot for a quick break. 5. Good Taste With a well-established reputation, El Buen Sabor is famous for its tasty dishes and excellent service. Visitors particularly recommend their ropa vieja dish, a Cuban specialty that is not to be missed. 6. La Florida Restaurant La Florida offers stunning sea views and delicious Cuban cuisine. This restaurant is ideal for romantic dinners, with an intimate atmosphere and refined dishes. 7. La Noche Bar-Restaurant La Noche is known for its vibrant nightlife and party atmosphere. In addition to their tasty dishes, the bar offers a variety of Cuban cocktails, perfect for unwinding after a busy day. 8. Café del Parque Located near the main park of Cárdenas, this café is the perfect place to enjoy authentic Cuban coffee and sweets. The friendly atmosphere and local artists performing make it a great place to spend time. 9. La Cubana Restaurant La Cubana offers traditional Cuban cuisine in a casual setting. Dishes are prepared with local ingredients, and visitors are often wowed by the authentic taste of the dishes. 10. House of Music If you are looking for a lively dining experience, Casa de la Música is the place to go. This restaurant not only offers delicious meals, but also live music performances, adding a touch of culture to your meal. Conclusion Cárdenas is full of culinary options that reflect the richness of Cuban culture. Whether you’re looking for fresh seafood, traditional dishes, or a unique dining experience, you’re sure to find a restaurant in Cárdenas that meets your cravings. Be sure to check out these establishments to savor local delicacies on your next trip to Cuba!

What is the difference between the two? Note carefully what is written on the presentation of the two rooms. Superior Room at Villa Tortuga Sea view room at Mélia Internacional Varadero In the first case, we are talking about a mini fridge. This means that it is a small refrigerator in which you can store what you want to keep cool. For example, you can fill a bottle of water at one of the bars (which offers distilled water) and place it in the refrigerator overnight. In the second case, we are referring to a minibar. If there is no indication of the cost in dollars, it means that it is free. On the other hand, if the minibar is paid, it means that each consumption must be paid for. Usually, this payment is made upon departure. A minibar is regularly replenished by the cleaning staff. Some hotels only offer bottled water, while others add soft drinks and beers. It is therefore recommended that you check the information provided on the hotel's page on your tour operator's website before your departure in order to avoid any disappointment.

I think I made the wrong choice: can I change hotels? Before your departure If you're wondering if it's possible to change hotels before you leave, the answer is usually yes. However, fees may apply. These fees depend on several factors, including: Your tour operator's policies The travel protection you have purchased The price difference between the originally booked hotel and the new hotel Availability of the desired new hotel It is therefore recommended to check the terms of your booking and contact your tour operator to find out the options available before finalising your choice. On site Imagine you arrive at your hotel, but you are not satisfied with the room assigned. What to do if you have already refused several rooms for reasons such as: No safe Safety issues, such as a patio door that won't close Defective lock Please note that you have the right to request a room change. To do this, contact your tour operator's representative at the hotel. Note that upon arrival at the airport, you should have received a document containing the details of your information meeting, as well as the contact details of your representative. Although the representative will do their best to resolve the situation, it is important to keep in mind that it may take a day or two. Additionally, additional fees may also be required depending on the new room or hotel you choose. Tips to avoid problems Do your research in advance: Before booking your hotel, check online reviews to get an idea of the facilities and services offered. Ask questions: Don't hesitate to ask for details about the equipment available, particularly in terms of safety and comfort. Be patient and polite: When requesting a change, be courteous to the hotel staff and tour operator representative. A positive attitude can help ensure a quick resolution. Explore other options: If changing hotels is unavoidable, inquire about other properties nearby. There may be options that better meet your expectations. Conclusion Don't let a bad hotel experience ruin your vacation. Whether you're planning a trip or already here, there are ways to improve your stay. By staying informed and acting diplomatically, you may be able to find the perfect hotel to help you enjoy your trip to the fullest.

Weather Outlook for the National Tropical Hurricane Center (NTC Miami, FL) Weather outlook Updated: Friday August 2, 11:57 The National Hurricane Center determines Invest 97L as a potential cyclone 4 which is nothing more than a disturbance with a high chance of developing into a depression or a tropical storm and could affect a country in the short term. At 1100 AM EDT (1500 UTC), the disturbance was concentrated near latitude 20.9 North, longitude 76.6 West. The system is moving toward the west-northwest at about 10 mph (16 km/h). A turn toward the northwest is expected at a slower forward speed tonight or Saturday, followed by a turn toward the north Sunday. On the forecast track, the disturbance is expected to move over Cuba today, cross the Florida Straits Saturday, and then move near or over the west coast of Florida Saturday night into Sunday. Maximum sustained winds are around 30 km/h (28 mph) with higher gusts. The disturbance is expected to strengthen into a tropical depression Saturday as it moves through the Florida Straits, followed by intensification into a tropical storm Saturday night. * Probability of formation up to 48 hours... high... 70 percent. * Formation probability up to 7 days... high... 90 percent. The estimated minimum core pressure is 1012 MB (29.89 inches). The only precipitation that affects Cuba is rainfall, which can produce accumulations of 2 to 4 inches (50-100 millimeters) slightly higher in isolated locations. Strong storms can generate strong gusty winds and increase surf. Friday, August 2, 2024 8:10 AM For the North Atlantic, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico: Straits of Florida and Eastern Gulf of Mexico (AL97): A well-defined tropical wave is currently producing a broad area of disorganized showers and thunderstorms over Española, the southeastern Bahamas, eastern Cuba, and adjacent waters of the southwest Atlantic. This tropical wave is expected to move near or over Cuba during the day, then emerge over the Straits of Florida this evening or Saturday. Environmental conditions are expected to be favorable for further development, and a tropical depression could form this weekend in the Straits of Florida or eastern Gulf of Mexico near the Florida peninsula. Tropical storm advisories or warnings may be required for parts of Florida later today. Regardless of its development, heavy rains could cause flash flooding in parts of Florida, Cuba and the Bahamas through the end of the week. Residents and travelers in these areas are advised to closely monitor the development of this system. A NOAA hurricane hunter aircraft could investigate the system later today, if necessary. Probability of formation within 48 hours: Average, 50%. Probability of formation within 7 days: High, 80%.

Tropical Storm Ernesto, which recently formed in the Atlantic, is moving westward toward the Caribbean. The storm is currently located about 295 miles (about 475 km) east-southeast of Antigua and is moving rapidly toward the west-northwest at a speed of 45 km/h. Tropical storm warnings have been issued for the Lesser Antilles islands, including Antigua, Barbuda, and neighboring islands, with storm conditions expected by tonight or tomorrow morning. Ernesto is expected to continue on its westerly track for the next few days, with gradual strengthening. The storm is forecast to reach Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands Tuesday evening. The current track indicates the storm may avoid Cuba, heading northwest instead after crossing the Caribbean, but the forecast could still change ( teleSURenglish ) ( Antigua Observer Newspaper ). Source: Hurricane Tracks - Environment Canada ( meteo.gc.ca )

A “little big city” to discover! Cárdenas: The Hoteliers' Village of Varadero Cárdenas, officially known as San Juan de Díos de Cárdenas, is a charming village located near the famous resort of Varadero. In 2024, its population is estimated at around 90,000 inhabitants, showing a slight growth over the years. This village is particularly known for being the place of residence of many employees of the hotels of Varadero. Its proximity to the beach and its infrastructures make it an ideal choice for those who work in the tourism industry. Cárdenas combines a quiet atmosphere with easy access to the tourist attractions of Varadero, offering its residents and visitors a perfect blend of local life and beach leisure. In addition, the city is known for its rich cultural heritage, colorful streets and friendly atmosphere, making it a must-see destination for those who want to discover an authentic side of Cuba. A bit of history and heritage From Wikipedia: "Cárdenas was founded on the 8th March 1828 and already had 12,910 inhabitants in 1861. In 1850 , ex-general Narciso López landed in Cárdenas at the head of 600 men, coming from the United States , in an attempt to liberate Cuba from Spanish domination. Lacking the support of the population when the fighting began, López had to re-embark after holding the city for a few hours. It was on this occasion that the 19 may 1850 , the future national flag of Cuba , invented the previous year by López. The commissioning of a railway (Ferrocaril de Cárdenas y Jucaro) in 1871 , to transport sugar, accelerated its development. The city was the first in Cuba to set up a public electric lighting system, in 1889. On 11 may 1898 , during the Spanish-American War , the Battle of Cardenas Bay took place , after which a small American squadron had to withdraw without managing to destroy Spanish gunboats . It was one of the few American setbacks of the war. At the beginning of the 20th century , Cárdenas was one of Cuba's main sugar export ports. In 1907 , the city's population reached 24,280 inhabitants. But the shallow depth of the port complicated the loading and unloading of ships. Cárdenas is only 20 km from the large Cuban seaside resort of Varadero and part of the population works there. Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception. Museum and birthplace of Jose Antonio Echeverria: student leader assassinated on the 13th March 1957 by the Batista regime . The house is of architectural interest. Oscar de Maria Rojas Museum: interesting collections in the fields of history, art, natural sciences, archaeology, numismatics and weapons from the colonial era. Map of the city

An Essential Printable Tool for Your Next Trip to Varadero! Prepare your stay in Varadero with our practical printable tool. Use it to take notes before you leave and during your trip. Don't leave anything to chance: write down all your ideas, your must-sees and your important information so you don't forget anything during your getaway to Varadero!

The Abastecimiento Book On March 12, 1962, Fidel Castro, leader of the Cuban Revolution, announced by decree the creation of the Supply Book , a system for distributing certain food resources and controlling prices on the island, part of the new policy of nationalization of the planned economy. The food book is the document through which Cuban families receive a group of food products periodically and subsidized by the Cuban State. It was officially established on July 12, 1963, with the creation of the Food Control and Distribution Offices (OFICODA). A year earlier, the revolutionary government had promulgated Law No. 1015, regulating the consumption of food and other commonly used products. Originally, the ration book covered only food and basic necessities, but later it also included clothing and footwear. This system was a response to the measures taken by the American administration against the Cuban government, which had limited the supply of food and other essential items. However, the collapse of the European socialist countries and the disintegration of the USSR led to a serious economic crisis in Cuba, forcing the government to gradually reduce the list of products available through the supply book, especially foodstuffs, while industrial products disappeared. In the guidelines for the economic and social policy of the Party and the Revolution, approved at the VI Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba, the need to eliminate the supply book was raised, due to its unsustainable nature in economic terms. This issue has generated lively debate, since this system is considered essential for the subsistence of the most vulnerable families in Cuba. What do Cubans buy today with the supply book? Arriving in Cuban homes in 1963, the food card system was well received at the time because it guaranteed the necessary food for every Cuban, regardless of race, age or gender. In the past, with the carnet, Cubans could buy about twenty products once a month at relatively affordable prices. Memories of Cubans from the 80s include buying rice, beans, oil, butter, milk, salt, sugar, coffee and even soft drinks, beers and candy in bodegas, as well as cigarettes and cigars. Today, the reality is very different. With galloping inflation and persistent shortages, the supply book has become very limited. Currently, a Cuban can buy, once a month: five eggs, a quarter pound of chicken, half a pound of oil, five pounds of rice, 10 ounces of black beans, a box of matches, sugar and a daily loaf. Every three months, it is possible to get 400 grams of pasta and one kilogram of salt. For children under three years old, ten fruit compotes are guaranteed, while those up to seven years old receive one kilogram of powdered milk per month. However, these quantities are generally considered insufficient for the needs of a family. Exceptional situations, such as after tropical storms or during health crises, may result in increased distribution, but this remains rare. Despite the symbolic importance of the booklet, the announcement of its abolition has caused fear among many Cubans, especially the elderly who rely on the system to obtain at least a little food each month. In 2011, Raul Castro had raised the possibility of a gradual elimination of the supply book, considering it a burden for the State, but this announcement had caused great concern among the population, who feared finding themselves without this essential support. Currently, the Cuban government faces considerable challenges, with very low wages and limited access to products in stores, whether in Cuban pesos or freely convertible currency (MLC). This forces Cubans to turn to the black market and the different agricultural markets (agro-mercados) to supplement their supply. Cubans continue to demonstrate great resourcefulness, seeking solutions to address this food crisis. However, the question remains: how can a rationed supply system be abolished without establishing viable alternatives and economic support for the population? If the supply book were to disappear one day, its memory would remain etched in history as a symbol of the resilience of the Cuban people in the face of economic challenges.

Discover Cuban Rum: An Escape to the Heart of Tropical Flavors If you're dreaming of your next trip to the island where all roads lead to rum, look no further. Rum, the true jewel of sugarcane, is at the heart of Cuban culture. A Tradition Rooted in History Historically, sugarcane cultivation has been the mainstay of Cuba’s agricultural economy. Notable by-products include rum and brandy, popular beverages both on the island and abroad. The famous HAVANA CLUB label is easily recognized worldwide and remains the leader in rum production in Cuba. However, be sure to check out the small local producers who offer exceptional products, often unobtainable outside of Cuba. Rums Not to Be Missed Some of the treasures to explore include Santiago de Cuba’s Legendario rum, the Elixir , known for its smoothness, as well as Caney , Cubay , Perla and Santero añejo . These rums, ranging from 38 to 40% ABV, are made using traditional methods and confirm the Cuban reputation for good rum. A good rum should provide an enjoyable experience and never leave an unpleasant aftertaste in the morning. The Art of Tasting Rum Cubans prefer to drink their rum neat, whether it is amber or white rum, often chilled and without ice. Tradition has it that white rum is ideal for cocktails, while old amber rum is best enjoyed on its own, preferably accompanied by a good Cuban cigar. Essential Cuban Cocktails Here are some iconic cocktails to enjoy on your next visit to the bar: Mojito Considered the national cocktail, the Mojito is refreshing and perfect for the Cuban summer. Prepared with mint leaves, lime, sugar, white rum, ice and sparkling water, it is a real delight. Free Cuba A simple but delicious blend of white rum, Coca-Cola and lemon. A drink that celebrates Cuban history. Daiquiri Created by Constante Ribalaigua at the El Floridita bar, this cocktail mixed in a blender with lime, sugar and white rum is a must-try, especially appreciated by the writer Ernest Hemingway. Pina Colada Originally a children's juice, the Piña Colada has become a creamy cocktail made with pineapple, coconut milk and rum, to be consumed in moderation. Canchanchara A traditional cocktail from the War of Independence, made with honey, lemon juice and rum, which embodies Cuban history. Trinidad Colonial A vibrant cocktail that blends tropical flavors, with orange juice, grenadine and white rum, best enjoyed with a straw to appreciate the layers of color. Cubanito The Cuban equivalent of the Bloody Mary, made with tomato juice and white rum, seasoned with lemon, salt and Tabasco. Saoco A delicious drink made with coconut water, lemon, sugar and white rum, perfect for refreshing yourself. Guarapo Fresh sugar cane juice mixed with lemon and rum, an ideal aperitif to enjoy immediately. Cuban Sangria A sangria made with red wine, lemonade and fresh fruit, often topped with a splash of white rum.

"I will be in Varadero on such and such a date. Are there any activities that I should not miss or that might interest me?" Thanks to our awesome Webmaster (Renaud Canuel), we now have access to a calendar where we can register and consult public or group-specific activities. ;-) Add an activity or event To add a public or private activity, here is the procedure to follow. To consult the calendar I added everything I had in notes but your contributions will be appreciated! https://passionvaradero.wixsite.com/passionv/evenement-varadero-1

Free water activities in Varadero! Among the free activities (at least the ones I saw in the hotels I stayed in) we find the loan of diving masks for freediving, solo kayaking, duo kayaking, pedal boating and a tour in a small catamaran (about 30 minutes) but one of their captains must drive the boat. Life jackets are provided and mandatory. This 30-minute walk is really very pleasant! It is best to do it in the morning when the winds are usually calmer. A longer version of this excursion costs $20. for about 1h30. The captain then takes you over a coral reef where you can snorkel. He gives you a small bottle containing bread seeds to attract fish. And they come in large numbers! It's impressive! A photographer is also in the water to take photos that you can then buy. He makes an appointment with you to come and give you a DVD with your photos directly to your hotel. He adds a whole series of photos on the fish that can be found in Varadero.

Cafeccino Restaurant , located in Santa Marta, is a popular place to enjoy delicious food while enjoying a welcoming atmosphere. This restaurant is particularly popular for its coffee options and homemade meals, offering a unique culinary experience that reflects the local flavors of Cuba. For our gourmet members! 1St. Ave #704 between J y I, Santa Marta 42200, Cuba

Casa del Café Cubita in Varadero La Casa del Café Cubita is a must-see destination for coffee lovers when visiting Varadero. This café offers a unique experience, showcasing premium Cuban coffee. What makes this establishment particularly enjoyable is its air conditioning, a valuable asset to escape the intense heat of the Cuban summer. Why Visit Casa del Café Cubita? Comfortable Atmosphere : With its air conditioning, you can enjoy your coffee in a cool and pleasant setting, even on the hottest days. Quality Coffee : La Casa del Café Cubita specializes in Cuban coffee, renowned for its rich taste and captivating aromas, making it an ideal place for coffee enthusiasts. Local Experience : In addition to enjoying delicious coffees, you will have the opportunity to immerse yourself in the local culture and appreciate Cuban hospitality. If you want to know more about Casa del Café Cubita and its offers, you can consult specialized sites or traveler reviews to find out what other visitors think about it. This experience promises to be one of the highlights of your stay in Varadero. This little cafe is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. It seems that the coffee is excellent and you can also get muffins there. The good thing is that it has air conditioning which is very appreciated during the hot summer days!

Here are three fascinating articles about Cuba, each exploring unique aspects of the island's culture: 1. Cuba, the island of rum : This article delves into the world of Cuban rum, an iconic drink of the island. Discover its history, the types of rum produced, and its importance in Cuban culture. To learn more, read the article https://havana-live.com/fr/quatre-faits-a-connaitre-sur-cuba/cuba-lile-du-rhum/ 2. The History of Cuban Coffee : Explore the evolution of coffee in Cuba, from its discovery to its integration into the daily lives of Cubans. This article highlights the growing and preparation methods that make Cuban coffee a unique experience. Discover the article https://havana-live.com/fr/quatre-faits-a-connaitre-sur-cuba/lhistoire-du-cafe-cubain/ 3. The History of Tobacco in Cuba : Learn all about tobacco, another pillar of Cuban culture. The article traces the origin of tobacco, its role in the economy, and its importance in the production of world-renowned cigars. For more details, read the article https://havana-live.com/fr/quatre-faits-a-connaitre-sur-cuba/lhistoire-du-tabac-a-cuba/ These articles are a great way to discover the richness of Cuban culture through its iconic drinks.

Cuban coffee is more than just a beverage; it is a fundamental part of Cuba’s culture and identity. With its rich aromas and distinctive taste, coffee plays a central role in the daily lives of Cubans. History and production Coffee was introduced to Cuba in the 18th century and quickly evolved into one of the island's main agricultural crops. The regions of Pinar del Río , Santiago de Cuba , and Las Tunas are known for producing some of the country's best coffee. The tropical climate, with its rainfall and rich soils, creates ideal conditions for growing coffee. Varieties and preparation Cuban coffee is typically prepared as a strong, often sweetened espresso, called "café con leche" when mixed with milk. Cubans also enjoy "café cortado," which is an espresso with a small amount of milk. The method of preparation plays a vital role in the flavor of the coffee, with extraction time and fineness of grind being crucial to achieving optimal taste. A symbol of conviviality Beyond simple consumption, coffee is a symbol of conviviality in Cuba. Meetings around a cup of coffee are common, and it is often an excuse to socialize and share moments of daily life. Cubans take the time to savor their coffee, and this practice is considered an art of living. Cuban Coffee on the International Stage The reputation of Cuban coffee has spread beyond the borders of the island, attracting the attention of coffee lovers around the world. Brands like “Café Turquino” and “Café La Abuela” have become iconic, representing the quality and authenticity of Cuban coffee. Conclusion Cuban coffee is a treasure trove that reflects the island’s history, culture, and hospitality. From its unforgettable taste to the shared moments it creates, coffee remains a pillar of life in Cuba. To learn more about Cuban coffee, visit resources like Café de Cuba or Cuban Coffee .

A good idea to make your life easier! Major chain stores and some pharmacies offer similar products, but they are not always available in every branch. It is therefore recommended to check availability before you go. In addition, a pharmacist can tailor a first aid kit to your personal needs. Regarding prescription medications, it is advisable to bring double the amount needed for your stay (for example, for a 7-day stay, bring 14 days of treatment). This will ensure that you do not run out of medication in case of an unexpected delay in your return (such as the closure of the runway at Cayo Largo or adverse weather conditions). Also add to your kit a mosquito repellent containing at least 30% DEET and a lotion to relieve itching from insect bites. Two additional tips: Think about medications you used or regretted not taking on your last trip. Think about what medical supplies you have used in the last three months (wound dressings, muscle pain creams, etc.). These items can be hard to find in Varadero, so it is best to bring them with you. You can always leave them with locals if you don't use them. Here are some helpful resources to help you make sure you don't forget anything when packing your travel kit: https://voyage.gc.ca/voyager/health-safety/kit https://www.jeancoutu.com/globalassets/preparation-voyage/trousse-voyage-fr-web.pdf

In Cuba, the State regulates, finances and provides health services. These services operate under the principle that health is an inalienable social right, which defines the Cuban health system as a true National Health System. Public health expenditure in Cuba is around 8,980 million euros, which represents around 15% of total public expenditure. Cuba has more than 100,000 active doctors, which is the highest figure in history and a leading indicator in the world, with a ratio of 9.0 doctors per thousand inhabitants. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), Cuba's health system is a model for the world. The many humanitarian services and professional and scientific collaboration on an international scale also give Cuba great prestige, always recognized for its solidarity policy in health, pride of all Cubans. Education and health are therefore the pillars of Cuban society. A large part of the nation's budget is dedicated to them, with the aim of achieving the highest quality for its citizens. The study of medicine is an activity that has been promoted throughout the country, since the very beginning of the Cuban Revolution. The objectives pursued by the Cuban health system are mainly aimed at providing a primary service to 4 groups. These include children, women, mothers and the elderly. Primary health care in Cuba then focuses on these essential sectors. Through these health programs, health objectives are achieved in Cuba. The Maternal-Infant Program pursues the objective of caring for the physical integrity of mothers and children. A priority and objective of this program is to minimize the infant mortality rate in Cuba. The Elderly Care Program, which in a growing aging population, focuses its resources on assisting people over 60, who currently represent more than 21% of the population. The Communicable Diseases Program, being one of the leading causes of death, the program seeks to control and prevent them as much as possible. The Non-Communicable Diseases Program. Public health policies in Cuba aim to prevent non-communicable diseases, such as stroke, heart disease, diabetes and others that compromise the health of Cubans, and which are sometimes more related to lifestyles. The structure of the health system in Cuba is composed of a Minister of Public Health (MINSAP), as well as vice-ministers, and national, provincial and municipal directors. There are numerous health institutions in Cuba, including several dozen general and specialized hospitals, obstetrics and gynecology, maternity hospitals, rural clinics, retirement homes, homes for the disabled or pregnant women at risk, blood banks, cardiology centers, pharmacies and research institutes. There are more than 80,000 hospital beds available, as well as hundreds of polyclinics and dental clinics. Cuba also has about thirty medical institutes and faculties, including the International School of Medicine. 100% of the funding for the Cuban health system comes from the State. Funds are obtained from different commercial activities, such as tourism and the export of professional products and services. One of the main achievements of medicine in Cuba is the decrease in maternal and infant mortality. For several years, Cuba has had the lowest infant mortality rate in the region according to UNICEF. It is currently around 4.0 per thousand children. One of the remarkable advances in medicine in Cuba is that medical research is at the forefront of the world in cancer treatment and vaccine production. In addition, life expectancy at birth in Cuba is 78.73 years. Prenatal transmission of HIV and syphilis from mother to child has also been eliminated in recent years. The MAIN CAUSES of DEATH in CUBA are: 1 ▪︎ Heart disease 2 ▪︎ Malignant tumors 3 ▪︎ Cerebrovascular disease 4 ▪︎Flu and pneumonia 5 ▪︎Accidents 6 ▪︎Diseases of the arteries, arterioles and capillaries 7 ▪︎Suicide and self-harm 8 ▪︎Diabetes mellitus 9 ▪︎Cirrhosis and other chronic liver diseases 10▪︎Homicide One of the world's most renowned health systems is Cuba's. The reason for this is the high level of efficiency and excellence in the quality of care and services provided. WHO gives the example that the excellence of a health service lies in the will of those who control it. Access to health care in Cuba is universal. Every citizen has access to the same quality assistance, regardless of their socio-economic status. All medical assistance is 100% free so far. Thanks to the exchange of technology, Cuba's health system manufactures many of its own medical supplies. 80% of the raw material for medicines and vaccines is produced in Cuba. In addition to these advantages, however, some criticisms are attributed to the Cuban health system. Due to hostile international policies, access to technology is rather limited. This has prevented Cuban medicine from evolving at the same pace as the rest of the world. The difficulties of importing caused by the economic blockade make medicines and supplies increasingly scarce, sometimes even inaccessible. Today, it is the general shortages of medicines that are causing the most harm to the Cuban population, especially the elderly. The number of active doctors in Cuba was also reduced at one point by a considerable number, particularly due to professional missions abroad. As Cuba's global prestige as a benchmark in health care grows, internal services to the population have deteriorated in recent years, due to numerous internal difficulties, as well as others related to the embargo. The international work mission would still be considered in Cuba the most concrete possibility for a doctor to prosper quickly, given the cost of living, currently skyrocketing, and the relatively insufficient salaries that a doctor would receive in Cuba, although on average it represents at least double or triple that of any other professional. No one can deny the merits of the Cuban health system. Its organizational capacity and professional and scientific efficiency have been demonstrated in the current confrontation with covid-19, including vaccines and the manufacture of sovereign pulmonary ventilators. The health strategy would have worked well during the most difficult times, I take my hat off to it. Tribute to our doctors trained by the Cuban Revolution, pride of this people, who are fighting again against the new outbreaks of the corona virus. Victory is only certain. On the other hand, what is not a priority sometimes unfortunately shows an air of abandonment, despite the administration's efforts to guarantee a quality medical service. Cubans would like to always be cured with the same quality of care as in the past, an undeniable achievement of the Cuban Revolution. It would be really relevant then, in the context of the current monetary reform, to pay a much higher salary commensurate with the social importance of a doctor, whose passion, dedication and professionalism are often the most valuable weapons in the event of a health emergency. And the applause, so deserved, is not enough. Cuba, today more than ever, needs its white-coated army. (Source of statistics: Wikipedia)

Celebrate Workers' Day in Varadero on May 1st If you are in Varadero on May 1st, don't miss the iconic Workers' Day celebration, also known as El Primero de Mayo . This event is a true immersion in Cuban culture, highlighting the pride and solidarity spirit of workers. A Colorful and Dynamic Show The day begins with a grand parade, where all trades are represented. Each profession is proudly highlighted by workers wearing their distinctive uniforms. The atmosphere is festive, with traditional music accompanying the march, paying tribute to the collective effort of Cubans. To fully enjoy this event, it is advisable to arrive around 9:30 am near the Centro Comercial Mercado . The parade is followed by a big party starting at noon in the central park , where thousands of locals gather to celebrate together. Music and Festive Atmosphere Music is at the heart of this day, with captivating rhythms that create a friendly and joyful atmosphere. Locals come together to dance and sing, sharing a moment of pure happiness under the tropical sun of Varadero. It is a unique opportunity to experience the authenticity and warmth of the Cuban people in a festive setting. Key Points to Remember: Date : May 1st Time : Recommended arrival around 9:30 a.m. Location : Parade near Centro Mercado , party in the central park Activities : Parade, music, local gatherings Workers' Day Varadero, Primero de Mayo Cuba, May 1st celebration Varadero, workers' parade, traditional Cuban music, popular festival in Varadero, local event Cuba. Enjoy this memorable day to discover the true essence of life in Cuba while immersing yourself in the vibrant traditions of its people!

Father's Day in Cuba: A Deeply Rooted Tradition **Father's Day** is a special day celebrated every year in Cuba on the third Sunday of June. This tradition dates back to June 19, 1938, marking the first official celebration on the island. The initiative for this day goes back to **Dulce María Borrero**, a Cuban poet and educator, who advocated for the importance of honoring fathers, similar to the Mother's Day already in place. The Origin of Father's Day The concept of **Father's Day** has its roots in the United States, where the first celebration took place on June 19, 1910, in Washington. The event gradually gained momentum thanks to influential figures such as **Harris C. Meek**, president of the Chicago Lions Club, who supported the holiday in 1915. In 1924, US President **Calvin Coolidge** established the day as a national celebration, and in 1972, **Richard Nixon** officially signed a law to make Father's Day a fixed event, celebrated every third Sunday in June. A Day of Recognition and Gratitude In Cuba, this day is an opportunity to express love, admiration and appreciation for fathers. Although the commercial aspect has also taken its place in this celebration, with sales of gifts for fathers, the essence of this celebration remains the sincere expression of family affection. It is a time to recognize the central role of fathers in the education and support of their children, in collaboration with their life partner. Every third Sunday in June, Cuban fathers receive not only gifts, but above all tokens of affection that highlight their dedication and contribution to the family. Father's Day in Cuba, Father's Day history, fathers celebration in Cuba, Cuban tradition, Dulce María Borrero, third Sunday in June, Cuban fathers, family celebration Cuba.mmages to the fathers of Cuba. Our children are our masterpiece.

May 29 marks a special celebration in Cuba: Tobacco Workers' Day, in honor of the anniversary of the birth of Lázaro Peña González, known as the "Captain of the Cuban Working Class." This iconic leader, born in Havana in 1911, dedicated his life to the fight for workers' rights and the revolutionary cause. Lázaro Peña: An icon of the Cuban working class Coming from a modest family, Peña began working at the age of 12, working in various trades such as carpenter, mason and blacksmith. He then joined the cigar factory "El Crédito", where he discovered the difficult working conditions of the workers and forged a revolutionary spirit. In 1930, at just 18 years old, he joined the Cuban Communist Party, quickly becoming a leading figure in the workers' movement. He played a key role in the general strike of 1933, which led to the fall of dictator Gerardo Machado. An outstanding union leader In 1939, Peña was elected general secretary of the Cuban Workers' Central (CTC). Under his leadership, the CTC became a key player in the defense of workers' rights and the mobilization against attempts to fragment the labor movement, especially during the presidency of Carlos Prío. He also participated in the Constituent Assembly of 1939, where the Communist Party made its voice heard. With the triumph of the Cuban Revolution in 1959, Lázaro Peña returned from exile and resumed his place as a workers' leader. He played a crucial role in implementing the first major social and economic reforms of the revolutionary era. An eternal legacy Until his death in 1974, Lázaro Peña continued to tirelessly defend the interests of Cuban workers. His dedication to the working class earned him the honorary title of "Captain of the Working Class," a symbol of his leadership and revolutionary commitment. The celebration honors his outstanding contribution to the Cuban labor movement and the tobacco industry, which remains one of the island's key economic sectors. Tobacco Workers' Day Cuba, Lázaro Peña, tobacco industry Cuba, Cuban labor movement, May 29 Cuba, Cuban revolution, Cuban Communist Party.

May 17, the Cuban Peasant Day, has been a date of great importance in Cuba for over 60 years. This day celebrates the essential work of peasants, although this year it will be held in a simple way, with farmers remaining focused on their crucial mission: ensuring food production for the country, despite the difficult circumstances. Historical origins This commemoration honors Niceto Pérez García, a humble peasant from the El Vínculo region of Guantánamo. In the 1940s, when Cuba was ruled by Ramón Grau San Martín, many peasants were expelled from their lands by powerful landowners. Niceto Pérez, determined not to leave his land, courageously faced Lino Mancebo, a large landowner. On May 17, 1946, accompanied by his 7-year-old son, Niceto was tragically executed for defending his rights, an event that deeply shocked the peasant community. In tribute to his courage, a monument was erected at the very spot of his death, and May 17 officially became the *Day of the Cuban Peasant*. The Agrarian Reform of 1959 In 1959, this tragic event was officially recognized by the revolutionary government of Fidel Castro. It was precisely on May 17 that Castro chose to sign the first agrarian reform law in La Plata, in the Sierra Maestra, in the heart of the victory against the regime of Fulgencio Batista. A tribute to Cuban peasants Today, the Cuban Peasant Festival is a reminder of the struggle for social justice and land redistribution. Peasants continue to play a vital role in the country’s food security. While the celebration is more muted this year, it is important to recognize the work and dedication of these men and women who feed the nation. In conclusion, this day not only recalls the sacrifice of Niceto Pérez, but also the importance of the Cuban agricultural sector in the development of the country. Happy holiday to all Cuban peasants and a huge thank you for their hard work!

The celebration of the fifteen On the bustling streets of Old Havana, it is not uncommon to see a young girl dressed in a sumptuous dress, riding in a vintage car, accompanied by photographers and makeup artists. This scene marks an iconic moment in the lives of many young Cuban girls: the celebration of their 15th birthday, or *quinceañera*. This birthday represents a crucial passage into adulthood for a young girl, a tradition rooted in Cuban families. Quinceañeras symbolize the moment when a girl officially becomes a woman in the eyes of society, a custom that is widespread throughout Latin America. Families often save for years to make this day an unforgettable event. For many, the 15th birthday party is an opportunity to go all out, even if it means spending more than their means allow. Once reserved for the elite, this lavish party has evolved, but it remains a key social event in Cuba. Today, young girls don large period dresses to dance a choreographed waltz, surrounded by several couples, a staging that recalls colonial customs. The evening is marked by the projection of photos and videos retracing the young girl's life, between festive meals and family rituals. Although this tradition almost disappeared after the 1959 Revolution, it made a strong comeback in the 80s and 90s. The festivities have even been modernized: beyond the traditional photo albums, professional videos now immortalize the key moments of this day. Some families organize photo sessions from the girl's 5th birthday, to prepare for this important stage of their adolescence. For boys too, 15th birthday celebrations are becoming more democratic, although they are not as extravagant as those for girls. However, the expenses are still considerable, whether for renting rooms, vintage cars or for the banquet, essential for any *quinceañera* party worthy of the name. Despite economic challenges, these celebrations continue to thrive in Cuba, often filled with dreams and sacrifices. The tradition, although modernized, remains a cultural pillar for Cuban families, a legacy that even Cuban émigrés continue to perpetuate abroad.

Birthdays in Cuba are important events, carefully organized to celebrate each additional year in life, whether for children or adults. No matter how simple the party, it is crucial to never neglect this event. It all starts with the baby's first birthday, often marked by a frenzy of preparations where parents, sometimes overwhelmed, try to create a memorable celebration. Resources are sometimes limited, but this does not prevent the organization of a grandiose party. However, although this day is theoretically for the child, the festivities often become a gathering of adults, where the little ones are closely monitored to avoid any disorder. When children reach 3 or 5 years old, birthdays become more meaningful to them, as they are now aware of the importance of the event. Parties then become truly special moments, where fun and memories are on the agenda. Another milestone is the 15th birthday, especially for girls. It is a more formal, often very expensive celebration that includes photoshoots, videos, elegant dresses and extravagant buffets. This type of event is usually planned years in advance. As adults, birthdays become more modest. Gatherings with friends or family around a cake, accompanied by drinks such as rum or beer, are enough to mark the occasion. Some may also use this day to update their wardrobe or indulge in a few extras. The birthday party itself follows a well-established pattern: the children arrive in the afternoon, often with an invitation. However, in Cuba, parties are largely open, and it is common for children from the surrounding area to join in the fun, whether invited or not. The focal point of the party is usually the "cajita de cumpleaños," a box containing an assortment of food, including a piece of cake, a cold salad, sandwiches, and croquettes, accompanied by soft drinks. It is traditional for each guest to take home their own box, and sometimes even one for an absent relative. The piñata is another must-have, filled with sweets and small gifts. The entertainment is often provided by clowns who entertain the children with sketches and games, also offering a moment of respite for the adults. The photos capture these moments, immortalizing the child with his loved ones around a decorated table. The typical song sung while the child blows out his candles is also a highlight of the Cuban birthday, expressing wishes for happiness and harmony. Today, there are lavish party planning services that are very popular, although expensive. These luxurious events are becoming increasingly popular among Cuban families, although many prefer to keep celebrations simpler and more accessible. In conclusion, the Cuban birthday, whether grand or modest, is always a moment of joy shared with loved ones, a day when all the efforts made to organize the party are rewarded by the smiles of the children and the happiness of the families.

How do Cubans celebrate the end of the year? In the 1960s, as we have already explained, Christmas was definitively removed from Cuban culture. The small fir trees, the nativity scene, nougats, marzipan and gifts became symbols associated with the bourgeoisie. However, today it is possible to see decorations typical of this period, and even palm trees illuminated in the style of Christmas trees. Some traditional families still gather for dinner on December 24, but it is December 31 and January 1 that mark the real highlights of the festivities. There is nothing like waiting until midnight with the family, then going out to burn the effigy representing the past year, throwing water in the street, and congratulating neighbors and friends by hugging them. One of the most notable traditions is the burning of a large doll symbolizing the Old Year. It is often inspired by a notable figure from the past year, whether it be a personality from a television soap opera or a significant event. One could imagine effigies representing CUP notes or politicians like Trump! Another widespread tradition is to throw buckets of water into the street at midnight, symbolizing the purification of homes and the elimination of bad experiences from the past year. Since travel opened up, there has been a custom of walking the streets with a suitcase at midnight, hoping to attract the luck of traveling soon. On December 31st, the rural tradition is to rise early to slaughter a pig, often raised for months until one becomes attached to it and gives it a name. Some families prefer to buy the meat from the local butcher, but nothing beats the spit-roasted pig, prepared with one hand turning the spit and a glass of rum in the other, while cousins play dominoes. A typical lunch includes cassava cooked with mojo (a sauce made from bitter orange, oil and garlic) and gandinga (pork liver marinated in spices), without adding water or lemon so as not to make the liver too tough. After lunch, a siesta is required to recover before the midnight festivities. In the evening, the table is set with roast pork, congrí rice, cassava with mojo, lettuce and tomato salad, and often a dessert of guava or sweet fritters. Since the Revolution, the televised New Year's Eve party, punctuated by musicals and comedy sketches, has become a tradition. Just before midnight, families await the official countdown broadcast on television, at which time they exchange wishes for happiness and prosperity. At midnight sharp, a cider is uncorked to dance until dawn. This year, with the health and economic challenges, the organization of the festivities remains uncertain. However, despite the difficulties, the festive atmosphere is taking hold. The queues are getting longer to buy pork, and beers are hard to find. Rum, this essential ingredient of Cuban celebrations, will however compensate for the absence of beer, and even chicken could replace pork on some tables. Whatever happens, families will be reunited, and with a little rum, rice and beans, they will say goodbye to the past year. Together, they will burn the effigy of the Old Year or throw a bucket of water in the street, hoping that the new year will bring well-being and prosperity to all Cubans. Happy New Year to all!

Thousands of fellow citizens stop there from morning to night to eat this typical piece of the neighborhood whose evolution is remarkable. It was customary to have a snack with a can of tuKola (Cuban Coca-Cola) just as it was also traditional that the hot dog was always cold and the soda hot to complement each other perfectly. No coke and a little more expensive, which was expected in these times, but we still find ourselves with aspects that haven't changed anything. It was still surprising to see how a tradition can hold up so well over time. I devoured this piece, cold as usual, like a time machine that transported me to the 1990s. There was magically always the same subtle and acidic background of the unique and manipulated sauce, which returns from the entrails after 30 minutes. Then we tell ourselves that never again, and we will hold this lie until we return to it, since this sin has inevitably become a passion; the passion for our earthly foods. As usual, the cashier didn't have any change to give us either, which was negligible, as long as we had our perro caliente on hand.

Our banana wine, if it is bitter, it is still our wine. Since the founding of the first cities of the former Spanish colony, wines have been drunk in Cuba, some even well preserved. Thus Spain had begun to transfer the wine culture to the Antilles. Galleons with excellent wines from Catalonia, Jerez and Malaga arrived regularly in San Cristóbal de la Habana, an important port for goods since the beginning of the 16th century between America and Spain, in barrels that, after being emptied, would have other uses, such as storing water, cereals, oil and gunpowder, although often they also returned to their country of origin loaded this time with sugar cane brandy. This is how, for example, the famous Pacto Navio was born, today an exquisite Havana Club rum. The story goes that European wine merchants sold their wine very well in Cuba, but they sold even better, upon their return to the mainland, the sugar cane brandy, benefiting during months of crossing from the remains of wine in the barrels that contained it. Thus, this maritime pact arises to exchange the same volume of wine for brandy, which they had previously had to buy as ballast to undertake the return journey. In the 18th century, in different regions of Cuba and closely linked to the sugar cane mills, different flavors of wine from tasty tropical fruits appeared. These wines were somewhat acidic due to the tropical heat and the lack of care in their fermentation. Later, adequate proportions were found to obtain a better bouquet and little acidity. These artisanal methods have survived to this day thanks to popular folklore and family heritage. We have the privilege of growing all kinds of plants, from which emblematic products such as rum and Habano are made; but our climate does not allow planting the vineyard, except in controlled microclimates. It seems that the grape likes water, but it does not tolerate excessive humidity; it likes heat, but the tropical sun suffocates it. However, to the north of the province of Las Tunas is the town of Puerto Padre, and in its stony and hilly lands there are various species of vines planted in the patios of the houses. Their origin dates back to the first Spanish settlers. In the late 1990s, some 30 hectares of vines from the Gianfranco Fontinel estates in northern Italy were planted in Pinar del Río. Fontinel, in partnership with Cuban companies, currently produces white, red and rosé table wines, with its Castillo del Morro, Soroa, San Cristóbal and the famous Cortés lines. These are the Cuban wines that can be found quite regularly in the country's liquor stores. However, in Cuba, the wine culture is not as deeply rooted as that of sugarcane brandy, rum and beers. An average Cuban always prefers a glass of rum, or a cold beer, before a good wine, not even to accompany a good meal. Many say that Cuban food does not go well with wines, or that the best thing for our dishes is beer, or that there is no delicacy like a roast pork with a good bottle of rum. But it is also said that the best companion of a wine is a good cook, and Cuban cuisine is sumptuous, Creole cuisine has something refined and is very much in harmony with the sensual life of the island. So, Cuban dishes are unique, different for our seasonings, meats and vegetables that, well cooked, will delight all demanding palates. So why not taste the corn tamales, with a white wine or a light red from the Mediterranean; Or fried pieces of pork, with a merlot or a Chilean carmenere? I think it would be worth trying. Meanwhile, in our kitchen, cooking wine is widely used. It is a fruit wine to accompany, flavor and highlight the flavors of certain dishes or desserts. But there are also homemade Cuban wines, those fermented drinks made from grapes or other native fruits that our grandparents made and whose recipes they passed down to our parents and us. Recipes that they in turn received from their ancestors. Today, there are still a few isolated winemakers throughout Cuba. However, many prefer to experiment with other fruits such as pineapple, guava, canistel, cashew, papaya, orange, cherry, beet, banana, rice and honey. To make a Creole wine, we generally need a large carafe, made of dark green glass, ideally covered with a wicker basket with handles to move it. The first thing is to obtain the pulp of the fruit, and add the same amount of sugar, mix everything well and place it in the carafe, with baker's yeast and water. The container is covered and left in a place protected from light and without moving during the 45-day fermentation process. Then, the carafe is uncovered and without mixing the contents, a small pipe is inserted and sucked in order to remove the precious liquid for bottling, with the corks. Usually the wine produced is very sweet, but if the proportion of sugar is adjusted, it can be less sweet or even dry. All this with a compass in the eye. When we want to make a cooking wine, obviously for cooking, we then add aromatic herbs, a pinch of cumin, bay leaves and a pinch of nutmeg perhaps. Thus, each region of Cuba has its own artisanal production of homemade wines, whose manufacturers personalize their labels and try to attract their customers in different ways, based on the quality of a product that is necessarily unique each time. Some believe, for example, that the fact that the producer has a degree in chemistry can be a guarantee of the quality and reliability of the product, as indicated on the label of this Pinar del Rio wine (see photo) that can be purchased in Havana and that I often use for cooking, or rather, drink mixed in equal parts with a light rum, my personal and unique tribute to the historic pact of Cuban ships.

The center pivot irrigation system. The origin of irrigation with central pivot machines probably dates back to 1952, when a rustic model of hydraulic operation began to operate and was later perfected. There are currently more than 10 million hectares irrigated with the central pivot technique throughout the world. It is a large-scale irrigation system that can be easily found throughout the cultivated lands of Cuba. On an excursion, for example, from Varadero to the Bay of Pigs, you will have the opportunity to admire such landscapes on the way, especially between the villages of Jovellanos and La Isabel. This type of irrigation makes the crop fields particularly circular, due to the operation of the central pivot system, which goes around enormous areas of land, particularly used for planting bananas, potatoes and other tubers. Due to the intense heat of the country, especially in summer, irrigation of cultivated fields must be done very early in the morning or towards the end of the day. Electric central pivot irrigation machines are a fundamental element in Cuba to support the urgent task of increasing our agricultural production in the current times. In Cuba, there are currently almost 460,000 hectares that are exploited under this mechanized irrigation system, which represents only 17% of the total cultivated area throughout the country, according to official statistics, dated at the end of 2020. Irrigated agriculture is essential for the economy, health and well-being of a considerable part of the peoples of the Third World, of which Cuba is an undeniable part, and therefore, it is one of the most important factors for the food security of the planet. However, it should not be forgotten that irrigation radically changes land use and would in turn be the largest consumer of water. For this reason, it can be said that the development of irrigation is a double-edged sword that has a considerable impact on the environment, and any poorly designed project can become an element that degrades the environment. It is relevant to point out that soil erosion would be the most widespread cause of environmental degradation and its main agent is water erosion. Towards the end of the 20th century, millions of hectares were reported worldwide with problems of medium or high erosion, with problems of salinity and sodicity, desertification and many others affected by poor drainage, which shows that there is still much to be done in terms of soil conservation and recovery at a global level, and Cuba is no exception to this phenomenon. During your previous trips to Cuba, had you noticed the presence of such central pivot irrigation systems, as well as the round shape of some cultivated fields?

The origins of Vedado as a residential neighborhood must be found around 1858, when the Havana City Council approved the subdivision of the El Carmelo farm, a property that extended from the current Paseo Avenue to the Almendares River. Shortly after, the El Vedado farm that occupied the space between G Street and the limits of El Carmelo would be divided. The urbanization continued later with the Medina area, towards Infanta, an alley that then marked the western limit of the old Cuban capital, and also extended to the Castillo del Príncipe, an old fortified castle on top of the hill. Over time, the area covered by these districts would become known as El Vedado. This was the old forbidden zone, hence its name, where it was previously forbidden to live, sow, deforest and raise livestock in the interest of defending colonial Havana. The blocks would be about a hundred meters on each side on average, and the rational use of numbers and letters to name the streets was then introduced, in a blatant reaction of Americanization. The urbanization would have two transverse avenues, real parks, the avenues G and Paseo. The road layout was oriented to facilitate the entry of breezes. The project envisaged the existence of parks and wooded areas, so the garden had to be part of the house. The first street designed was Línea, so called because the horse-drawn tram ran along it, until this means of locomotion was replaced by the first non-animal-powered passenger vehicle that the city had, which apparently left from the intersection of Prado and San Lázaro streets and reached El Carmelo. This first steam engine, in 1900, would in turn be replaced by the electric tram, traces of which can still be seen on some of the city's main avenues. Land sales were slow at first in El Vedado. In 1870, there were only about twenty houses. At that time, the wooden mansions were built in a clear style imported directly from New Orleans, United States, and they were located almost all on Linea and Calzada Streets, near the sea. Around 1895, there was already a remarkable development in the El Vedado neighborhood. But it was especially at the beginning of the 20th century that sumptuous houses emerged to accentuate the exclusivity of the new residential area. The proximity of the sea had in fact made the neighborhood relevant. On the coast, several bathing resorts had been created since 1864. The Havana residents went there for tourism. At the time, people bathed in so-called drowning pools, natural coves or those artificially dug into the rocks. There were small beaches, with areas reserved for the family, and other very spacious ones, in which men and women bathed separately. The right to bathe in the sea cost 50 cents. These famous baths, however, disappeared with the expansion of the Malecón from 1950. After the end of the War of Independence in 1898 and the establishment of the Republic in 1902, El Vedado acquired an unusual boom. The wealthy of descent left the crowded and noisy Old Havana and bought land to build in the new and very spacious neighborhood. The nouveau riche did the same, as did some high officials of the Liberation Army who were finally receiving their salaries. Those who made their fortunes at the expense of politics also arrived and settled around the new exclusive neighborhood. Residences of all sizes, luxuries and styles sprang up everywhere. Not only the lower part, bordering the sea, but also the area of La Loma was quickly populated. The Paseo del Prado and the Cerro neighborhood were no longer of interest to people with sufficient resources to obtain their own housing. A number of cinemas, theatres, museums, boutiques and luxury hotels such as the Victoria, the Presidente and the Nacional have also flourished. It would not take long for powerful rivals to emerge in Havana's western neighborhoods, across the river from Almendares, Miramar, where the richest would eventually make their final approach. Even so, El Vedado, in the 50s, would become the most modern neighborhood of Havana, where the tallest buildings were erected and the most fabulous hotels built. Even then, El Vedado claimed its right to be the heart of the Cuban capital, one of the great achievements of urban planning on the island, which continues to be, for living and working, the best neighborhood in Havana, according to the opinion of many of its proud residents.

El Vedado is the cosmopolitan neighborhood par excellence, which contrasts sharply with the colonial, and very old, atmosphere of Old Havana. Its urban layout, very close to the sea, receives all its special light and atmosphere. In the streets of Vedado you can still find sumptuous villas from the beginning of the 20th century, in ruins, transformed into multi-family plots, or in perfect condition and sometimes even in the hands of their original owners, magnificent houses mixed with the rationalist architecture of the 50s and the so austere revolutionary period. Calle 23, one of the main arteries of Vedado, ends in an area called La Rampa, which in turn ends exactly at the sea, a typical place of teeming meetings, from where you can enjoy a splendid view of a large part of the Malecón up to the Castillo del Morro at the entrance to the bay. In addition to 23rd Street, it is worth highlighting Paseo Avenue, at the end of which is Plaza de la Revolución, the political center of the country; Avenida de los Presidentes, with its numerous monuments; the very first Calle Línea, an express connection to the surrounding neighborhoods, and of course the Malecón. The diversity of cultural centers, restaurants and hotels gives this neighborhood of Havana a certain magic that captivates both its residents and visitors. The restaurants and bars of Vedado offer a varied gastronomy, from the most exclusive and gourmet service, sometimes inaccessible to most Cubans, to the simplest and most attractive cafes like the Amore ice cream parlor, or the most popular establishments imaginable, like the perrera de 23 for a boiled hotdog. You can also spend your entire salary on an international menu to impress your new neighbor, than continue on the seafront with a pizza in hand, to share, and thus fall in love with the coming and going of the waves, with a rum and a piece of peanut nougat. One of the historical attractions of Vedado is the custom of waiting in the endless line at the Coppelia ice cream parlor, right in front of the Yara cinema, the old Warner hall and next to the Habana Libre hotel, the old Hilton, whose façade shows us an impressive masterpiece by the prestigious Cuban painter Amelia Peláez. Also notable are the presentations of the many theaters, including the Hubert de Blanck Theater, the Mella Theater, the Bertold Brecht, La Casona, El Trianon, and the National Theater, the largest complex of its kind in Cuba. The Vedado neighborhood also has prestigious museums such as the Museum of Decorative Arts, the Museum of Dance, the Napoleonic Museum, the only collection of the famous conqueror that exists outside of France, as well as important galleries and cultural centers such as La Casa de las Américas, Casa de la UNEAC (National Union of Writers and Artists of Cuba) and the Casa de la cultura de Plaza, all traditional venues for countless annual cultural events. The Cristóbal Colon Cemetery is also a sample of incalculable aesthetic and cultural value in Cuba, where along its streets and avenues, like the Vedado itself, you can see a number of true works of art, sculptures and mausoleums, all great monuments that recall the riches of yesteryear and are part of the historical cultural heritage of the city. For the evenings, there are multiple latest generation options, a consequence of the resurgence and rise of independent economic activity, such as EFE bar, Pazillo, Sarao club, Hoy como Ayer and Up&Down, as well as the already classic nightlife establishments such as Jazz Café, La Zorra y el Cuervo, El Gato Tuerto, El Cocodrilo, El Café Cantante, El Habana Café, the Turquino nightclub at the Habana Libre hotel, El Pico Blanco, El Salón Rojo del Capri and the pleasant stay on the terrace of the Hotel Nacional, where you can also enjoy spectacular views of the Malecón. This emblematic promenade, which begins at the entrance channel of the bay and ends precisely where the Almendares River separates the Vedado neighborhood from its neighbor Miramar; it is in fact the most popular place for Havana residents to take their walks. The Malecón is visited daily by troubadours, vendors of everything, fishermen, children playing at chasing waves, or friends who meet just to admire the sunset near the sea, true moments of intimacy and complicity, lived on the wall with a smile, as if, perched on the great balcony of the eyes of the city, we were looking at the horizon hoping to see the world. We miss this magical city terribly, we can't wait for the good weather to return.

Understanding the US Blockade Against Cuba Cuba is subjected to the longest economic, commercial and financial blockade in modern history by the United States, a war measure that has caused losses of more than 900 billion dollars to the island. It has been almost 60 years since the economic, commercial and financial blockade was put in place, and almost 30 years since the UN began voting to decide whether to lift the unilateral measure. Almost unanimously, the international community rejected it, but it only persists because of the veto power of the United States as one of the five permanent members of the Security Council. The United States commercial, economic and financial embargo on the sale of arms against Cuba was first imposed on March 14, 1958, under the dictatorial regime of Fulgencio Batista. The second time was in October 1960, in response to the expropriations of businesses and other properties of American citizens on the island by the new revolutionary government. Although these restrictions initially excluded food and medicines, in February 1962 the measures were tightened and the restrictions became almost absolute. The total blockade against Cuba was finally imposed in 1962 by former US President JF Kennedy. The blockade was implemented in principle to reduce support for Fidel Castro's Cuban revolution, while creating economic hardship for the population. "The majority of Cubans support Castro (...) the only foreseeable way to reduce his internal support is through disenchantment and dissatisfaction arising from economic malaise and material hardship (...) every effort must be made rapidly to weaken Cuba's economic life (...) a course of action which, while being as cunning and discreet as possible, achieves the greatest progress in starving Cuba of money and supplies, in order to reduce its financial resources and real wages, to provoke hunger, despair and the consequent overthrow of the government." Excerpt from page 885 of the United States Department of State Report 1958-1960 which contains a secret memorandum dated April 6, 1960, from Under Secretary for Inter-American Affairs Lester D. Mallory. Over the years, the United States has put forward various reasons to justify the blockade, including: - The nationalization without compensation of American properties on the island (at the beginning of the Revolution). - The dangers that Cuba supposedly poses to the security of the United States because of its relations with the former Soviet Union. - The Cuban example of an insurrection in Latin America and Africa. - Allegations of human rights violations on the island. In 1992, the embargo acquired the character of law in order to maintain sanctions against the Republic of Cuba. Later in 1996, the United States Congress passed the Helms-Burton Act, which eliminated the ability of U.S. citizens to do business on the island or with the Cuban government. The Helms-Burton Act clearly establishes that the blockade is not only the prohibition of reciprocal trade between Cuba and the United States, it is the obligation of the government to try to stop and hinder Cuba's commercial relations with any part of the world, to the point that it requires that the State Department must report annually to Congress on the results of compliance with this blockade measure, which costs our country more than 4 billion dollars each year. In 1999, President Bill Clinton extended the trade embargo by banning foreign subsidiaries of U.S. companies from trading with Cuba for amounts greater than $700 million a year, making it the world's first transnational law. For decades, the economic embargo policy was defended by sectors of the Cuban exile, whose votes were crucial in the state of Florida. What is blockade and what is embargo? An embargo may be an order issued by a country to ensure, through the retention of assets, the performance of a legally incurred obligation, such as a debt. The blockade is rather an act of war, applied unilaterally against a country, in the case of Cuba, however, in times of peace. For this reason, the American legislative framework that legally supports the blockade insists on calling it an "embargo." No rule of international law justifies a blockade in peacetime. The US blockade against Cuba is illegal because it is an act of war and is recognized as a according to the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, approved by the United Nations General Assembly on December 9, 1948. The US blockade contravenes the fundamental principles and rights of international law: the principle of sovereign equality, the principle of non-intervention, the principle of independence and the right to nationalization. The blockade violates the human rights of Cubans, as it prevents the island from developing economic, commercial and financial ties with third parties in different ways. This results in isolation and economic suffocation. The blockade affects all sectors of the Cuban economy with millions of losses and prevents access to materials, products and services in the international market, necessary for the normal development of the island. This blockade also causes damage to the private sector and third countries due to its extraterritorial nature. Enormous pressures and financial retaliation often prevent trade with companies from all over the world. On December 17, 2014, the presidents of the United States and Cuba, Barack Obama and Raúl Castro, agreed to improve political, social and economic relations between the two countries, leading many to assume that this would be the end of the economic, commercial and financial embargo on the island. After coming to power on January 20, 2017, the current President of the United States, Donald Trump, reversed many of the measures taken by the previous administration, causing diplomatic relations between the two countries to cool again. This government has also taken such extreme measures as trying to prevent the arrival of fuel that our economy needs to function. The Trump administration has also moved to minimize official bilateral exchanges between the two countries. It has obstructed ties between Cubans living on both sides of the Florida Straits by suspending air traffic and flights to various parts of Cuba, and has increased persecution of Cuba's cooperation on health matters. It is known that Cuba cannot import anything from the United States through credits, nor can Cuba import from anywhere in the world, if that product contains more than 10% of American components. Despite this situation, the United States is among Cuba's five main trading partners for agricultural products. However, trade between Cuba and the United States is subject to very specific regulations and takes place under certain conditions. For example, Cuba must pay absolutely in cash for all products imported from the United States, since the latter does not grant financial credit to the Cuban government. Currently, the main competitors of the United States are the European Union, the second largest exporter of agricultural products to Cuba, followed by Brazil, Argentina and Canada. In total, Cuba imports about a billion dollars a year, about 6% of which comes from the United States. This hostile policy against Cuba is partly responsible for the country's economic difficulties, apart from the typical internal worries specific to the Cuban administration. The blockade has become an element of Cuban popular culture. If something goes wrong in Cuba it is always the fault of the American embargo, and this may often be true, but Cubans increasingly believe that there are many daily problems whose origin and solution do not lie outside the country. There would also be a second internal blockade, closely linked to the backward thinking and administrative incompetence of an entire generation of Cubans. The blockade would ultimately have only proven its objective ineffectiveness through the twists and turns of history, and would have aged, with generations of resilient Cubans, who did not succumb to a legendary economic war that is completely absurd and outdated for the current era.

Real estate prices in Cuba are relatively high considering the average Cuban income, and the mechanics of accessing a home purchase can be somewhat complex, but not impossible to negotiate. In the past, it was forbidden to buy or sell a house, even if it was private property. Only the exchange of one house for another was allowed for many years. Of course, there have always been those who invented marriages and wills to be able to sell or buy their house in legal terms. At the beginning of the 21st century, the sale of houses and motor vehicles was finally legalized, but not without a certain bureaucratic tangle typical of the system. Buying and selling a house in Cuba can still be a more or less lengthy process, lasting several days or even weeks, if the people involved do not know a cousin who has a brother-in-law who has a friend who correctly knows the right notary who would make the process viable the same day, thanks to a recommendation that translates into a small additional expense but of incalculable value. To realize the dream of owning your own home, before you become old, you need to work hard for many years and save as much as possible and you still need some additional stable income to be able to moderately afford the current house prices, which have multiplied dramatically in recent years. If you have the cooperation of foreign capital, which takes over the financing of the operation, then things can happen as if by magic. Several social media sites dedicated to promoting the sale of houses are the first mandatory consultation to get an idea of the fluctuation of real estate prices depending on the different residential areas and the conditions of the houses. Particularly in Havana, housing prices are currently exorbitant. They have become double or even triple those of any other region in Cuba. Homeowners now talk about their homes in terms of tens of thousands of dollars as if it rained greenbacks all year round in Cuba. It is also relevant to always try to establish contact with the selling owners and thus avoid at all costs falling into the hands of the infamous brokers, evil intermediaries who can considerably increase the price of the transaction, which must also be carried out entirely in cash. The process of buying or selling a house in Cuba is no longer as bureaucratic as in previous years. Today there is a notary's office that regulates the type of property and thus determines a reference value for the sale of a property and the tax rate of the transaction to be carried out. These reference values have been recently updated but, although they are much closer to market reality, they are still symbolic and are well below the real value of a house currently in Cuba. To close the deal and update the property ownership, the buyer must deposit the reference value of the home in a bank check payable to the owner and seller of the property. This check must be notarized to finally transfer ownership of the house to its new buyer. The seller and the buyer must each pay the bank 4% of the value mentioned in the check. Right in front of the notary's office, we always find a competent tax manager who is dedicated to filling out these types of tax documents, and in a jiffy, we were able to succeed in less than a day, a matter of perhaps several days. It is also better to have a certain relational level with a bank official in order to escape the typical endless queues, and to be able to settle all these debts the same day. Of course, you have to provide an envelope for certain additional costs that are essential for the smooth running of the corresponding procedures. This may seem full of corruption to you, but we only see mutual aid and solidarity in it, and to those who have ears to hear...bye. All that remains is to register the house in the property register, as soon as possible, and of course, most importantly, to round up the real sale price behind the scenes to complete the transaction with the guarantee of a handshake and perhaps a little rum to celebrate the culmination of a once titanic process.

The Jutía is a small rodent mammal also known as hutía, characteristic of the native fauna of Cuba, and like many other species, it is also in danger of extinction. The Jutia is brown or white in color and has a thick tail covered in hair that allows these animals to cling to trees. They are animals that feed on vegetables, wild fruits, tree bark, roots and leaves, tubers and tender shoots of shrubs and trees. They consume practically no water. Like all rodents, they have two teeth called incisors in the upper jaw and two in the lower jaw, which grow continuously and are regulated by wear. Their extremities have four well-developed fingers. Some species are known to have a gestation period of about four months and can give birth to up to four young. Females have four teats to feed them. They spend much of their time perched in trees, although others prefer the ground. They are nocturnal and usually move in pairs. They are very fond of sitting on their hind limbs, as this allows them to freely use their front legs as hands. They are animals native to Cuba but can also be found in Jamaica, the Bahamas and other areas of the Lesser Antilles. The Jutía Conga, large and robust, is the best known and most common in the west and east, also in the municipality of Trinidad, province of Sancti Spíritus, as well as in the islets of Cuba and in the special municipality of Isla de la Juventud. This large rodent usually lives in caves, between the roots of plants, in crevices or between rocks. The Jutía Carabalí is the best known after the Conga, more elegant and less robust and with a very long tail. This smaller rodent is not easy to keep in captivity because of its aggressiveness, and it also refuses to eat. It abounds in the west and center of Cuba. It lives in places of abundant vegetation, and it is always on trees, it is an arboreal species. However, there are other lesser-known Jutias, such as the Jutia Andaraz, very aggressive and exclusive to eastern Cuba; the Jutia Enana, which looks more like a large rat with a very long tail and cream and yellow fur, and is practically extinct because it is confined to the Zapata swamps in the province of Matanzas, on islets in the marshes; as well as the Jutia Rata and the Jutia de Tierra whose geographical distribution is limited to a few islets. Some unscrupulous poachers are still the main predator of Cuban Jutías, because the quality of their meat is highly valued, despite laws that severely punish their hunting and trade. Some peasants capture the very small Jutías to try to tame them, and thus transform them into a unique pet, certainly very affectionate and very mischievous.

Since the 1960s, Cuba had established strategic relations with the USSR and had since suffered from a historical dependence on food imports, with more than 30% of arable land devoted to sugar cane, one of the few exportable commodities in that country at the time. Previously, economic dependence was similar, but trade in the first half of the 20th century was mainly with our northern neighbors, the United States of America. Between 1989 and 1990, due to the fall of the Berlin Wall, symbolizing the end of an era, Cuba lost all access to credit and more than 80% of its market, which caused an unprecedented economic crisis, marked in particular by food shortages. Investments had come to a complete standstill. The reduction in employment was dramatic. Transport was also significantly reduced, as was the availability of electricity, as there was no fuel and communal services almost disappeared, leading to a marked deterioration in general hygiene conditions. Before 1989, Cuba imported more than a million tons of fertilizers, more than 20 thousand tons of pesticides and herbicides, a million and a half tons of raw materials for animal feed, 80% of cereals, 50% of rice, 90% of oils and oilseeds, almost 40% of milk and its derivatives. Then everything disappeared overnight. Urban agriculture then emerged spontaneously during this particular period of the 1990s, with great support from the State, as an alternative or palliative to the critical food situation. Thus, the use of empty urban spaces belonging to the state was allowed, almost forgotten traditions were saved, organic methods were popularized to improve soils, and access to seeds and basic agricultural tools was facilitated. Then, as if by magic, vegetable gardens, popular organoponics appeared, and every garden began to produce vegetables instead of flowers. This new agricultural practice in cities has undoubtedly contributed to the safety and quality of food for the population. It was also an important source of new jobs, more than 100,000 in all of Cuba and in Havana alone, a quarter of the total new urban farmers. Thus, it has been possible to optimize over the years a productive use of empty spaces in cities, unprecedented in the history of Cuba, with more than 1,500 hectares currently in exploitation in the urban fabric. At the beginning of the 21st century, Cuba experienced a marked economic recovery and the empty spaces were then used for the ordinary functions of the city. However, the capricious twists and turns of history have recently plunged us back into a major food crisis and, although in different conditions and with greater availability of resources, the Cuban people have returned to urban agriculture as an immediate and autonomous solution to food shortages. It is therefore relevant to make traditional urban functions coexist with the environmental and social benefits of urban agriculture, which has finally arrived in our cities to stay. The city of Havana depends entirely on the import of agricultural products from neighboring provinces with large cultivation areas. Every day an average of more than 50 tons of agricultural products arrive throughout the capital. Currently, it is common to find small orchards in the streets of any residential area of the Cuban capital, capable of guaranteeing self-sufficiency in vegetables, although today the agricultural markets are adequately supplied. However, from the garden to the table, the distance is shorter and it will always be much fresher, cheaper and even interesting to start a small business. News comes from all over the world about the endless lines to buy food in Cuba, the scarcity of food and the obsession of Cubans to buy food to store in case things get even worse... all true, but curiously no one can affirm that a single Cuban has died of hunger so far, despite the very unfavorable conditions we are currently going through. Vegetables, fruits, tubers and spices, at least in Havana we do not really lack them, the agro-markets often burst with color, and the small vegetable gardens are very efficient. Other food products are however much more sought after. Pork for example, once so common, has become rare, even a luxury such as beef, available only at the new stores at MLC. Chicken, oil and minced meat are much easier to find, although it is difficult to escape the queues. Little by little the charcuterie stands are discreetly coming back into activity although at double the price. Yogurt, cheese, chocolate, coffee, eggs, cereals, milk and other small treats for children are difficult if not impossible to find, even at the stores at MLC. That's life in Cuba. Things go wrong, it's true, but we keep moving forward every day as if it were our last. There is always a solution to every problem, as long as we are healthy, we have the strength to move forward and we tell ourselves that it is not easy, yes, but that everything is fine and that we will get through it anyway. By the way, the fact that there are queues everywhere is a sign that there are always things for sale, even if rationed to allow as many people as possible to access them, and that these many people still have the means to buy what is being sold. In Cuba there have always been queues and there may be for a long time to come, soon even to get vaccinated, while hoping to be able to end this health nightmare that is holding back the economic recovery of Cubans. In the meantime, the fight continues.

Every year, millions of red, black or moro crabs are crushed by vehicles on the road that leads from Playa Larga to Playa Girón, in the province of Matanzas. The migration occurs at the end of April, for several days or weeks, when the first rains motivate the migration from the forest to the sea at the reproductive stage of these species. In the cooler hours of the morning and late afternoon, or in cloudy and rainy weather, the spectacle becomes incredible and unavoidable for motorists, whose tires are frequently damaged, pierced by the strong pincers of this crustacean. Their mass death does not threaten the survival of these prolific species, which are not endemic to Cuba. Every year we see millions of crabs die and the following year just as many crabs that survived. Some time ago, an international cooperation project was launched to protect these species of crabs. The idea included the construction of tunnels and dikes on the road, a kind of crab-duc. The tunnels were located on the perimeter between the Cueva de los Peces and up to Punta Perdiz, one after the other, to observe their effectiveness. However, the crabs did not use the underground passages as expected, since the crabs do not pass through a certain precise point, but sometimes move their path, or climb any wall or other structure in its unstoppable effort to reach the sea. The life of the red crab passes on land, however, in its reproductive cycle, the male moves to the sea where he takes a bath and returns immediately to find a wooded area and mate with the females. After a while, they return to the sea, where they reproduce. The young specimens that have not been consumed by fish and other predators in their larval and juvenile stages, leave the coast, and like an army of tiny ants, they cross the road again and go into the forest to become adults. The instinct to reproduce to preserve the species can paradoxically cost the lives of these Cuban Moorish crabs. These species of crustaceans have nocturnal habits. They live in muddy terrains and savannahs, their caves are inclined obliquely and intercepted by others in all directions, which allows the oxygenation of the soils. They are not edible for humans, but they serve as food for other terrestrial and marine species, such as the cangrejero falcon, an endemic Cuban bird. The red color of this crab is due to the accumulation of tungsten, a heavy metal that could remain in the human body forever, if the ingestion of this crab was frequent, and could affect fertility, in the case of humans, as well as cause diarrhea, intestinal pain and kidney necrosis. Red crab migrations also occur on the Guanahacabibes Peninsula, in Pinar del Río; on the highway from Baconao to Guamá, in Santiago de Cuba; on the coastal part of the road that connects Cienfuegos to Trinidad, and on a section of the embankment that connects Gibara to Caletones, in Holguín.

An exclusive discovery for Passion Varadero members! Sakura Restaurant on Calle 63 - Asian cuisine The restaurant officially opened its doors to the public on December 25, 2020. Thanks to Pedro and Renaud, we were able to take a tour of the interior while the first customers were just arriving. The main room is located on the second floor and there are also tables available on the terrace. A small private room is also offered. There also appear to be outdoor tables available on the ground floor near the entrance. Even if in English they say "Chinese restaurant", the name of the restaurant and the menu (see below), lead us to believe that the cuisine is closer to that of Japan than to the "Chinese" cuisine as we know it in Quebec (which is rarely typically Chinese in addition!). For fans, the menu offers sushi. ;-) Pedro was able to check and this restaurant has no connection with the Laï Laï which has been closed since now. None of the Laï Laî staff work at Sakura unfortunately. Renaud went there for dinner on December 26 and gave the restaurant a 10/10 rating! The evening and indoor photos are taken from the video shared by Renaud Canuel in the group on December 25 as well as from his dinner on the 26th and those of the day were shared by Luigi David. Sakura Restaurant on Calle 63 - Asian cuisine Photos from Renaud Canuel's video - December 28, 2020 For those wondering what's on the ground floor, it's the Reebok store that already existed. It was integrated into the new building.

Receive 10% off your bill with the Passion Varadero VIP keychain badge You are wondering how we can provide our partners with FREE flags and stickers for taxis and coco taxis? Well yes the famous VIP Macaron & Keychain, the sale of our items is reinvested in the manufacture of our promotional items which allow the Cuban company to identify itself as Passion Varadero and also to pay the costs of our magnificent website PassionVaradero.com ​ By purchasing the VIP Passion Varadero Keychain or Badge, you automatically become "VIP Passion Varadero" for a period of one year. The Macaron & Keyring is valid for the current year and costs $25. ​ In exchange, upon presentation of the VIP Macaron | VIP Keyring, the partners will give you a cocktail, a discount, a small gift and lots of smiles. This is their way of thanking you for encouraging them. ​ Nobody is forcing you to encourage us If you do it, it's because you want to identify with the big Passion Varadero family... that's all. ​ Here is the list of our partners https://www.passionvaradero.com/nos-partenaires ​ It is important to note that the goal is not to add additional costs for our Cuban partners, but rather to bring them new customers. The "extras" they offer us are more symbolic than anything else, but it is their way of showing us their trust and gratitude towards us. ​ Passion Varadero cannot be held responsible if a partner cannot respect the partner discount A new partner is added LA VACA ROSADA

When the Cuban economy came to a sudden halt in the 1990s, during the Special Period, the Cuban dynamics that had been considered normal had suddenly disappeared. Many Cubans found themselves without work overnight. The situation was so serious that it seems unreal to us today, when we remember the times that were lived. The country had been forced to reinvent itself in order to survive. A new era was dawning unbeknownst to Cubans, who were being jostled on the threshold of a nascent private sector. We have heard ad nauseam that monetary unification now forces state enterprises to be profitable, or a few hundred of them will inevitably disappear in the coming months, and hundreds of thousands of workers will inevitably find themselves unemployed once again. This is no longer news. It has already been said many times. This real situation would nevertheless be extremely unfavorable in a context where Cubans are already caught between a rock and a hard place due to rising prices, inflation, etc. In the new private sector, almost half of the self-employed have been forced to hand in their licenses due to lack of work due to the economic crisis, which has been made much worse by the health situation that has lasted unbearably for over a year. The new state salaries have therefore become, rather than interesting, indispensable to be able to continue paying bills for water, gas, electricity, telephone and so many other things necessary for daily life, at unimaginable prices until last December 31, not double or triple but much more expensive. The state unfortunately offers very few attractive jobs, and the private sector represents only 10 to 15% of Cuban workers, and is practically at a standstill at the moment. So there are already many compatriots who cannot work. This is a rather exceptional situation for Cubans who would perhaps never before have had such a legion of unemployed. In the streets it is remarkable the sometimes tense atmosphere among the people. One could easily cut the air within a queue, so charged with a particular energy, a shared behavior inclined to aggressive reactions to the slightest annoyance, a surly character rather rare among Cubans, usually calm and smiling. A few years ago we had witnessed a restructuring of state entrepreneurship, from which thousands of workers had been classified as available to effectively encourage private practices, to a new attempt to develop self-entrepreneurs. Without knowing it, it was a worthy exercise of repeating the current Cuban scenario. It would be appropriate now to go even further in the context of the new opening of private sector opportunities, in order to create a few thousand jobs. It would even be more practical for everyone in this country to promote a non-state sector in retail trade that would allow expanding the points of sale, as well as improving the offer. It would be very beneficial for our population if there were other chain stores, not state, even some international ones, that could maintain a stable supply, and employ so many people who will soon be in need, probably urgently, of work. It is not me who says this, but wise economists. In a short article I read recently, it was also pointed out that the State could always earn taxes on sales, rental of premises and even on the salaries of workers in these small or medium-sized companies, which seemed more than logical and feasible to me. Commerce in Cuba would not need more experimental solutions, which have been failing again and again for many years, to the detriment of people and their historical suffering in the endless queues, to the point of even seeming normal to us, and the already chronic loss of the rarest good that we all possess in total equality: time. Commerce in Cuba would rather need an unprecedented reconversion, according to the opinion of these few good Cubans. In the worst case scenario, a large number of Creole coreligionists could certainly soon swell the ranks of the parallel sector; coleros, dealers and intermediaries among others, who do so much harm in every way, an informal system that is unsustainable by nature but necessary, since one must continue to earn one's bread at any price. Cuba would therefore need, today more than ever, a financial miracle, or the corona-virus episode will seem ridiculous to us.

Cuba is a popular tourist destination for its beautiful beaches, picturesque landscapes, and unique atmosphere. However, if you are considering renting a scooter or car to explore the island at your own pace, it is essential to be aware of the risks and peculiarities of driving in Cuba. While it may seem like an exciting adventure, there are several dangers to consider to ensure your safety and that of your travel companions. 1. Road conditions One of the first things you'll notice in Cuba is the varying quality of the roads. Some main roads, like the national highway, are in good condition, but many secondary roads are in poor condition, with potholes, cracks, and even unfinished sections. This makes driving, especially on a scooter, much riskier. The roads can also be poorly lit, making nighttime travel particularly dangerous. It's recommended to avoid driving after dark. 2. Lack of signage and lighting Road signs in Cuba are often poor, especially in rural areas. You may find yourself missing an important exit or taking a wrong turn without clear directions. Additionally, street lighting is often lacking outside of major cities, making visibility difficult at night. This is especially dangerous for scooter riders, who are more vulnerable in low-light conditions. 3. The presence of animals and pedestrians As Cuba is an agricultural country, it is not uncommon to come across stray animals on the road, such as horses, cows or dogs. This can lead to accidents, especially if you are driving at high speeds. Pedestrians also frequently cross without warning, especially in small towns and villages. It is important to always remain vigilant and slow down when in populated areas. 4. Rules of conduct not respected Traffic rules are not always strictly enforced in Cuba. It is not uncommon to see drivers overtaking without visibility or running red lights. The aggressive and reckless driving of some local drivers can be surprising to visitors who are not used to this type of behavior. If you are not an experienced driver or are used to driving in strictly regulated conditions, driving in Cuba can be stressful and dangerous. 5. Lack of resources in the event of a breakdown Roadside assistance infrastructure in Cuba is limited. If your car or scooter breaks down, it can be difficult to find a gas station, a mechanic, or even help. Gas stations are few and far between outside of tourist areas, and spare parts for vehicles can be scarce. It is therefore essential to check the condition of your vehicle before you leave and to bring a reserve, especially fuel. 6. Unpredictable weather conditions Cuba's climate can also be dangerous, especially during rainy periods or tropical storms. Roads become slippery quickly, and scooters, in particular, are vulnerable to losing control in the rain. Flooding can also occur in some areas, making driving even riskier. 7. Insurance and responsibilities In the event of an accident, the administrative procedures can be complex in Cuba, and local insurance does not always cover all damages. It is important to make sure that your rental contract includes adequate insurance and to check exactly what is covered. Even a minor accident could lead to major complications. Conclusion: Is driving in Cuba a good idea? While driving a scooter or car in Cuba may seem like a fun adventure, it is crucial to carefully assess the risks before hitting the Cuban roads. For many visitors, it is safer and more convenient to use taxis or shuttle services offered by hotels to explore the island. If you do decide to drive, always be vigilant, respect the speed limits, and drive carefully. Cuba is a wonderful destination to explore, but road safety should be your priority. Have a safe trip and enjoy your stay with peace of mind!

The Zunzuncito or hummingbird is a bird endemic to Cuba, also known as Zunzún or Colibrí, Trovador and Zumbete. Its flight is extraordinarily fast, emitting with its wings a sound similar to that of an insect. With an unprecedented speed, it effectively reaches a flight speed of up to 114 kilometers per hour and takes nectar from flowers in full suspension thanks to its hovering flight and its long, thin beak. It is thus a pollinator par excellence, because at the same time as it feeds, it effectively helps the reproduction of plants. This small bird, which can measure just seven centimeters at its largest, is the smallest bird in the world. Like other endemic birds, the Zunzuncito is protected because it is in danger of extinction. The male, smaller than the female, has a bright red head and neck, metallic blue on the back and wings and grayish white on the chest and abdomen. It measures about 5 cm at most from beak to tail and weighs about 1.8 g. The female for her part has a bluish green color, with white on the chest and abdomen, and they have white spots on the tip of the tail. Its nest measures only 3 cm, it is logically the smallest of all birds, and can easily go unnoticed. They nest between February and September and lay 1 to 2 eggs, also tiny. The male of the species is the smallest warm-blooded vertebrate in the world. Its body temperature is 40°C, also the highest of all birds. The zunzún has the second fastest heart rate of all animals and is the bird with the fewest feathers. It is more likely to be confused with a bee, rather than a bird, precisely because of its small size. This little bird flaps its wings about 80 times / sec, which allows it to stay in the air, in the same position for a long time, in this way it is able to suck nectar from flowers, without the need to lean on them, or in the branches. This extraordinary bird can flap its wings up to 200 times per second during mating. Zunzunes consume half their weight in food and up to 8 times their weight in water in a day. Their diet consists primarily of mead, which they extract from flowers with their long beaks and mobile tongues, although they also feed on small insects. The Zunzuncito is found both in forests and other natural spaces, as well as in city gardens. In Cuba it is found preferably in the Ciénaga de Zapata, the Isla de la Juventud, the Guanahacabibes peninsula, the Sierra Maestra, in the Sierra Cristal, the Sierra del Escambray and the Sierra de los Órganos.

The Cubans and the Pyropos. Cuba is a hot country, both because of the climate, typical of a tropical island; and the character of its inhabitants, always extroverted, humorous, emotionally explosive and also passionate about saying and acting, especially in the art of complimenting. In fact, all these elements, and so many others, that define Cubania, without the compliments that are lavished on us every day, would be like dominoes without rum; that we can play well, but that we will enjoy less. Years ago, Cubans might have shown their interest in a woman with the sobriety of furtive glances, poems, flowers and other amorous subtleties, a romantic procession that would have given way to other customs, to a more spontaneous, frank and direct expression. The compliment, el piropo, would however be something else, like shooting stars in the great sky of everyday life. They are words of ephemeral value, improvised in the middle of a public road, in unexpected circumstances, before the passage of a beauty that inspires and attracts attention, especially of these Cuban women so monumental that they deserve to be classified as heritage of the nation. To succeed in giving a compliment, we must have imagination, sensitivity and good taste to attract a girl's attention, perhaps to make her smile and even, hopefully, start a conversation, and take her phone number. Insensitivity and rudeness only get faces of contempt, disinterest and even a well-deserved slap against the harasser. Tourists are often horrified when they walk through the streets of Cuba, and they hear the avalanche of kisses resounding from the top of the balconies, or from the construction scaffolding, and the flatteries of all kinds from the Cubans, often from the steering wheel of cars that exceptionally stop to let them pass and admire them to the sound of horns. In fact, many women who have never been exposed to such care, would not understand a behavior, for us very natural, but which in many countries is considered serious sexual harassment. The compliment grows on the island as a wild ritual, almost always performed by men, heirs of an ancestry of authentic hunters, always with the rifle on their shoulders, loaded and ready to take down a good prey. Cuban men like to admire women when they pass by, without discretion, rather with an intense look and tell them point blank: "Salvaje" (Wild), "Bárbara" (Barbarian) or "Yegua" in a clear reference to the dimensions of a mare. However, it sometimes happens that these hunters in turn become the prey of women who increasingly take the initiative to surprise us with advances that completely disarm us. The compliment can also be fueled by the context, so we hear phrases like: “Mami, el país con tanta hambre, y tú con tanta carne, pa'comer y pa' llevar...” (beauty, the country in famine, and you with so much meat, to eat and take away...), or even more topical: "Mami... y si pasamos la cuarentena juntos" (Beauty... don't you want to spend the quarantine together). Queues are sometimes an ideal scenario for such exchanges while remaining polite. There is no doubt that Cubans are not fans of skinny women. Cubans rather like roundness, curves, beautiful balconies of beautiful houses and spacious trunks of our cars. Cuban women also walk with a sensual movement, from side to side, and many compliments express how crazy a Cuban becomes when faced with the colossal gifts of a woman's body when moving, such as: "Mami, tú con tantas curvas y yo sin frenos" (beauty, you with so many curves and me without brakes), or: "Si cocinas como caminas, me como hasta la raspita" (If you cook as well as you walk, I could even lick the bottom of the pots). It is an ode to the typical Cuban body, with its narrow waist and wide hips that drive us crazy. To the woman who has the buttocks, the good buttocks, it is often said: "You are like Santa Barbara, Santa in front and Barbara behind." And to those who have ears to hear... hello. If the beautiful woman, with very tight clothes, is called "Capitalista" in the street, one should not be offended, it is the political compliment, the one that refers to the fact that the woman in question is dressed like "capitalism oppressing the masses". Don't be surprised if suddenly Cubans get sick, and from a street corner they shout: "Oye, tú eres lo que me recetó el doctor" (Hey, you are what the doctor recommended to me). And if they also say: “Mami, camina por la sombrita que el sol derrite los bombones” (beauty, walk through the little shadow that the sun melts the chocolates), it is because they consider you a "little sweet, fragile, and addictive bite". And do not be surprised either if, suddenly, the machos return to childhood and say: “Mami, estás como la caperucita, ¡para comerte mejor!" (Beauty, you are like Little Red Riding Hood, and I will be the bad wolf to better devour you). Suddenly, some compatriots even become religious, and they can even bless you: “Todo eso que Dios te dio, que San Pedro te lo bendiga, mujer” (For all the grace that God has given you, may Saint Peter bless you, woman) ... and then we can only thank them for the kindness. The Cuban, who gestures as if he were on stage all the time, provokes laughter and even confusion among his people when he starts to compliment with whistles; or hands on his head like someone who has seen an apparition or the fall of a meteorite, and even the imminence of the end of the world. These light, bold and spicy compositions; sometimes very humorous, others of a beauty that makes them even poetic and that sometimes can also become vulgar, are part of the national idiosyncrasy. The piropos nuance the hectic, picturesque and authentic Cuban life, which then becomes more interesting. If with elegant and poetic formulas our grandmothers were compared to the beauty of flowers and the sweetness of honey; today it is more likely that the most original compliments establish analogies with more modern technological components, at a time when everything is updated. I once heard a driver say, as a very beautiful Cuban woman passed by, that it was "...incredible to see how many new models of young cars were driving around town, while he still had the same old American car at home" which may still work, but often has something wrong with it. Creations such as: "Si me dejas te descargo un Giga de cariño" (If you allow me, I will gladly download you a Giga of affection), "Aunque me tumbes la WIFI yo seguiré sentado en tu Parque" (Even if you cut off the WIFI, I will continue to sit in your park), or "Para ti la navegación en mi Internet es gratis" (For you, browsing my Internet is free) ... are examples of the evolution of the compliment in Cuba. Because even though times have changed, and the situation is becoming more and more difficult, there are things that never change, traditions and beautiful women for example, who will inspire and deserve praise for their beauty forever, because there are women in Cuba who may not be like Google, but who still have everything and in abundant quantities.

Polymitas are endemic snails of Cuba, considered the most beautiful land mollusks in the world due to the extraordinary variations and color combinations that their shells present. Naturalists recognize six species of Polymita, which are distributed in some areas of eastern Cuba. The word Polymita, formed by two roots derived from the classical Greek language, means "many lines". The most notable feature of this snail is precisely the color of its shells and its multiple lines, although they are not always present. It is a mollusk with nocturnal and arboreal habits, it feeds on fungi and is sensitive to changes in humidity, light, temperature and salinity of the environment, so it has not been able to adapt to other territories. Polymita species have pulmonary respiration and, like a high percentage of terrestrial mollusks in Cuba, they are hermaphrodites. When the time of reproduction arrives, which usually coincides with the rainy season, two individuals unite and proceed to their cross-fertilization, and both are fertilized. Once the eggs have reached maturity inside the animal, these snails descend through the branches or trunk of the plants to the ground, to dig small holes in the ground, and carefully deposit their eggs there, or among the fallen leaves. A few days later, the small animals, about 2 or 3 millimeters in size, will come out and look for the trunk of a plant to climb in search of mushrooms or lichens and begin their arboreal life. These Cuban snails are found throughout the eastern provinces, especially in the northeastern part of Camaguey and in the regions of Baracoa and Maisí. Since these mollusks feed on fungi and lichens that attach to the bark of trees and leaves, they perform a very beneficial function. For example, four adult polymites on a coffee tree are enough to keep its leaves free of fungi. To feed, they need the mushrooms to be moist; therefore, they are more active on rainy days or in high humidity. On the contrary, during the dry season or at less than 20 °c, they are collected inside their shell and stick to the bark of trees or leaves. At this time, the conservation situation of the Polymitas is becoming critical, as some populations of this endemic species of Cuba have almost completely disappeared. Excessive collections of Polymitas, often for informal commercial purposes, make the extinction of such a precious treasure of Cuban nature more likely every day.